FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION

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FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION

To represent the living organisms according to evolutionary relationship, the five kingdom system of classification has been proposed. An American taxonomist "R. H. Whittaker" divided the living world into five kingdoms such as Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.

CRITERIA OF FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION

   The different characters considered for differentiating the living organisms into the five kingdom are as follows
v Cell organization
v  Body organization
v  Mode of nutrition
v  Mode of reproduction
v  Life style

CHARACTERISTICS OF KINGDOMS 

KINGDOM MONERA
ü  Kingdom of prokaryotes
ü Unicellular, prokaryotic organisms
ü Primitive nucleus
ü Cell wall is rigid
ü Sexual reproduction is absent
ü Asexual reproduction by Budding & Fission
ü Nutrition by autotrophic, heterotrophic & parasitic
Example:-Archaebacteria, cyanobacteria(BGA)
KINGDOM PROTISTA
ü Kingdom of unicellular eukaryotes
ü Well defined nucleus
ü Both asexual & sexual mode of reproduction are present
ü Nutrition by photosynthesis, absorption, indigesion or combination of these
ü Organisms may be motile or non-motile
§  Example:-amoeba, diatom, euglena, paramecium, some, algae  etc.
KINGDOM FUNGI
ü Kingdom of multicellular decomposers
ü Heterotrophic organisms
ü Cell wall composed of chitin
ü Mode of nutrition is saprophytic & parasitic
ü Reserve food material is glycogen
ü Vegetative reproduction by fragmentation, fission & budding
§  Example:-Mushroom, yeast .etc
KINGDOM PLANTAE
ü Kingdom of multicellular producers
ü Eukaryotes & chlorophyll containing organisms
ü Principle nutritive mode is photosynthesis or assimilation
ü Cell wall composed of cellulose
ü Reproduction primarily sexual
§  Example:- Multicellular algae (Green, brown & red algae), mosses, ferns, flowering plants, trees, etc
KINGDOM ANIMALIA
ü Kingdom of multicellular consumers
ü Members are eukaryotic, multicellular heterotrophic organisms
ü Sensory and nervous system are present
ü Reproduction predominantly sexual
ü Primarily mortile
§  Example:- Sponge, jellyfish, insect, fish, frog, bird, man etc.

MERITS OF FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION

1)    Better placement of some controversial groups like cyanobacteria, fungi & euglena.
2)    System maintains better coherence among the kingdom.
3)    This system maintains better relationship among the kingdom with regards to level of organization and mode of nutrition.
4)    It provides a better phylogenetic relationship in the living world
5)    Fungi are separated from algae. Example:-euglena placed in kingdom protista

DEMERITS OF FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION

1)    Viruses do not find place or not been included in this system of classification.
2)    Slime mould don’t fit in kingdom protista.
3)    Dinoflagellates included in protista are mesokaryotic not eukaryotic.
4)    Slim mould differs from other protists.

CONCLUSION

Before going to study about any living organisms a detailed knowledge about its systematic classification is essential. Despite of more demerits the "Whittaker’s" five kingdom classification is much accepted today with some modification.

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