CLASSIFICATION OF PLANT KINGDOM

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CLASSIFICATION OF PLANT KINGDOM


Classification means grouping any organisms or objects by their similar characteristics. All living organisms in the earth are divided in to two kingdom i.e. plant kingdom and animal kingdom. Scientific Classification of living organisms includes Kingdom, Division (Phylum), Sub-division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species and Variety. Plant kingdom has organisms that are multi-cellular, have cell walls and chlorophyll, produce their own food, and don’t physically move from one place to another. A plant can be divided into 3 parts root, stem and leaf. 


CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT SUBDIVISIONS:

THALLOPHYTA:

ü The simplest most primitive plant.
ü Plant body is thallus and can’t be differentiated in to root, stem and leaves.
ü Don’t form embryo.
ü Divided in to Algae, Fungi and Lichens.
Examples-Algae, Fungi and Lichens

BRYOPHYTES:

Ø Plant body is not differentiated in to root, stem and leaves.
Ø Gametophyte is the dominating phase in life cycle.
Ø Vascular and mechanical tissues are absent.
Ø Fertilization is internal.
Ø Sex organ are multi-cellular and jacketed.
Ø Reproduction is oogamous type.
Example: Moss

PTERIDOPHYTES:

v Vascular cryptogams.
v Saprophyte is dominating plant phase.
v Plant body is differentiated in to root, stem and leaves.
v Vascular tissue present.
v Sexual reproduction is oogamous type.
v Produce spore inside sporangia.
Example- Ferns

GYMNOSPERMS:

q Tall evergreen trees
q Roots, woody stems
q Needle-shaped leaves
q Vascular tissues is present
q Cones with reproductive structures
q Naked seeds in female cones
q Fertilization by pollen tube
q Show secondary growth
Example- Cycas

ANGIOSPERMS:

ü Produce flower
ü Seeds are covered
ü Double fertilization is present
ü Ovary ripen in to fruit which contains seed
ü Gametophytic phase is reduced.
v They can be broadly divided in to two groups according to the number of cotyledon present in the seed i.e. Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons.
v Example- Beans, sunflower, cabbage, papaya, mango cashewnut etc. are examples of dicotyledons and maize, onoion, banana etc. are that of monocotyledons.
v Before going to study about any living organisms a detailed knowledge about its systematic classification is essential.

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