PRINCIPLES OF ORCHARD ESTABLISHMENT (PLANNING OF ORCHARD)

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PLANNING OF ORCHARD

After selecting the location some preliminary operations should be done to make the land good for orchard. Trees are felled, shrubs and woody growth are cleared and the stumps and roots are removed. Deep ploughing is essential to remove big roots and soil compaction.
Land should be thoroughly ploughed and levelled. Soil levelling is essential because it makes irrigation easy and controls soil erosion. In hilly areas the land should be divided into different terraces according to the topography and should be levelled within the terrace.
(Guava Orchard)

In poor soil (the soil which is not suitable for crop production) green manuring should be done either by green manuring in-situ or by green leaf manuring. Well-decomposed organic matter like farm yard manure or cow dung etc can also be added to improve the physicochemical properties of soil.
A careful plan of the orchard is necessary for the most efficient and economic management of resources (land, water, nutrients etc) in the orchard. The following points should be focused before preparing the plan:


2.   Stores and office buildings should be constructed at the centre of the orchard for proper supervision or nearer to a water source or nearer to a public road for good transport facilities.

3.   Road should occupy minimum space. It must be between the wind break and the first row of the tree to utilise the space more efficiently. Road should be at straight line and at right angle to each other. Width of road should allow the easy movement of carts and machineries. Road must be cemented to overcome the splash of mud on the foliage during movements of machineries.

4. Well or water source should be at convenient place at different part of orchard at a rate of one well per two to four hectors. It should be dug before planting and at the highest point of the orchard for easy distribution of water. Irrigation channel should be laid along the gradient of the slope for most economic conduct of water.

5.  Each kind of fruits should be assigned in separate blocks.

6.  Fruits ripening at the same time should be grouped together.

7. Pollinators or pollinating varieties should be provided in deciduous fruits (apple, pear etc) mainly in case of self-incompatible (It is the genetic mechanism of crop which prevent self-fertilization or autogamy and thus encourage cross-pollination or out-crossing and allogamy) varieties. Each third tree in every third row should be planted with a pollinator variety.

8. Short growing trees must be allotted at the front and tall at back for easy watching and it improves the appearance of the orchard.

9. Evergreen tree should be at the front and deciduous one at the back.

10. Fruits which attract birds and animals should be close to watchman’s shed.

11. Good fencing is essential. Live fencing (A fence or barrier made up of living organisms or plants) is economic and cheap to other kinds. 

12. Wind break should be grown on the boarder of the orchard prior to planting the seedling.

FOR MORE ABOUT (LOCATION AND SITE SELECTION)  CLICK THE LINK BELOW 



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